“If we can recognize that there might be legitimacy in science, but it’s only giving us a limited view of the world, we’d be in a much better spot.”

What is science? How do our definitions of science guide how we think and talk about it? In this first session, Dr. Swamidass offers multiple definitions of science, and how the differences between those definitions affect our ability to communicate and navigate scientific conflict.

Key Terms

Science: While there are many definitions, some of which are explored here, we generally mean the modern scientific enterprise, beginning about 500 years ago, maturing and developing into what we see today.

The Demarcation Problem: There is no consensus on a precise definition of what is and is not “science.”

Main Points

• Though we have a general understanding of what “science” is, there is not an established and agreed upon precise definition of “science.” This is often called the “demarcation problem.”
• One helpful definition of science is that it (1) a specific way of studying nature, (2) to find limited and provisional explanations, (3) of how the world works, (4) without invoking God, and (5) in an ongoing community.
• Another helpful definition of science is that it (1) is not the only legitimate/logical way of studying the world, (2) cannot give us a complete view of the world, and (3) is not an anti-God conspiracy.
• A few centuries ago, most scientists were Christians, but Christians are now a minority in many disciplines. In this sense, science is like a house we once lived in, but no longer exclusively inhabit.

Content Questions

• What definition(s) of science are you bringing with you into this course? How does that affect the way you engage with scientific issues?
• Dr. Swamidass suggests that many Christians view science as an “anti-God conspiracy.” Have you experienced this view? If so, what effect has that had on scientific discussions both within and outside the church?
• In what ways does science stop short of giving us a complete view of the world? Dr. Swamidass gives the example of the myriad approaches to studying a sunset. How have you experienced the limitations of science’s ability to explain our world?

Application Questions

• Consider the conflicts or discussions around science that you’ve witnessed or been a part of in faith settings. What was the nature of those conflicts?
• How if at all does your Christian community talk about or deal with science? In going through this course, what do you hope could be achieved through a better understanding and approach to scientific issues?